The Riccard Sword is inspired by the Viking sword
illustrated on page 144 of the book "De Norske Vikingsverd" by
Jan Petersen.
The sword, including the scabbard, was made by master
smith Richard Kazda of the ArmArt company. The whole sword-making process
was based on the original procedures, involving only manual work. Basic
historical materials and procedures, excepting certain modern tools and
implements (mostly for grinding), were used in the process.
The blade was made of high-carbon steel, heated on
charcoal in a blacksmith' hearth and then manually forged. The forging
gave to the material of the future blade its basic shape including the
wide and long fuller. After removing the forge scale the blade and fuller
were ground on several types of grinding wheels to the final shape.
The hardening of the blade is the most important and
fraught operation of the whole sword-making process during which the blade
is heat-treated and acquires hardness and elasticity. However, all of the
previous work can also be completely destroyed. The actual hardening
requires repeated heating, while being covered in charcoal, to the
hardening temperature checked by the colour of the hot metal and quenching
in an oil bath. Very precise and quick submerging into oil minimizes side
deformation (undesired bending) which happens more or less always. The
second part of heat-treatment of the blade is tempering, which involves careful heating of the
material to a lower than the hardening temperature while simultaneously
observing the colour on the surface of the material. By properly tempering
the material we obtain a sufficiently firm, hard and, above all, elastic
blade.
The final grinding of the blade with a fine-grained
grinding wheel removed a thin layer that was decarburized during hardening
to an undesirable value. The surface was then hand polished using several
emery cloths with an addition of oil to achieve the final fine surface of
the blade.
The iron guard has the shape of a boat with slightly
raised edges. The pommel consists of two parts - the top part with five
rounded protrusions (lobes) and the bottom part having a shape similar to
the guard. The bottom part of the pommel is fixed by clinching the tang of
the sword. The shaped top part is attached to the bottom part by two
sunken rivets.
The guard and the combined pommel were made using iron
obtained from the fittings of an old horse drawn cart of 1856. The iron
was last processed by a smith more than 140 years ago using traditional
technology. This means that the source of the material is likely to be
much older. From this scrap iron sufficiently large sections for making
the pommel and guard were separated by the smith. The shaped top part of
the pommel therefore exhibits visible layers of the material combined by
forging.
The guard and bottom section of the pommel are decorated
on both sides by a smith-blackened engraving (as opposed to the original
where niello was used) in
an almost abstract Viking style. The top part of the pommel without
engraving is decorated with a twisted wire of pure silver inserted between
the individual protrusions of the pommel as well as between the top and
bottom part of the pommel.
The grip of the sword is made of a single beech wood
block, wrapped around with a round leather strap in natural colour.
The core of the scabbard was made of two pieces of walnut
wood, in which the opening to fit the sword snugly was manually chiselled.
The wooden core is covered in calfskin with a black-and-white-colour of
the hair. At the tip of the scabbard the skin is drawn together with a
strap. A copper clip for hanging the scabbard on the belt is attached to
the rear side by means of two firmly wrapped leather straps.